Your car uses several different types of fluids to ensure every system receives the lubrication it requires. The power steering is no different.
It also contains fluid, making it difficult to determine what’s leaking if something is dripping under the car. What are the possible power steering fluid colors, and what do each of them mean?
In this guide, I examine the different colors of power steering fluid or leaks you might see. I also discuss in-depth the basics of power steering fluid, including what types are available.
What Is Power Steering?
Power steering is an automotive system that uses the engine’s power or a separate motor to reduce the effort necessary to rotate the steering wheel that turns the front wheels in a direction.
The assistance helps drivers steer the car and makes it easier to maneuver at lower speeds. It is a welcome feature when turning a corner at slow speeds or parking.
There are three types of power steering in vehicles on the road today.
- Hydraulic
- Electric
- Hybrid electro-hydraulic
All three power steering systems perform the same function but use different methods. Each variety adds more energy to assist in steering a vehicle, allowing the driver to use less muscle to turn the steering wheel.
Why Cars Need Power Steering?
Power steering systems assist drivers by reducing the physical exertion needed to turn the steering wheel. Initial development happened in the early 1900s, and the technology for power steering entered the mainstream in the 1950s.
Power steering is a convenience feature at its core, even though it’s standard on every mass-production model today because of customer demand.
Can You Drive Without Power Steering?
You should avoid driving without power steering, even for limited distances. Driving after your power steering goes out can potentially cause expensive damage to the pump and other steering components.
More importantly, the additional effort to control the car’s direction could contribute to an accident.
Importance of Power Steering Fluid
Understanding the essential role of power steering fluid is key to maintaining your vehicle’s performance and longevity.
Fluid maintenance is important because power steering fluid not only lubricates but also protects the power steering system, ensuring smooth steering operation.
Regular checks and maintenance of power steering fluid can prevent wear and tear on components, ultimately enhancing system efficiency.
It’s important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the correct type of fluid to ensure peak performance. Addressing any signs of bad power steering fluid promptly can prevent costly repairs down the line.
Also, proper disposal of old power steering fluid when changing is essential not only to protect the environment but also to maintain system efficiency.
By staying proactive with power steering fluid care, you can prolong the lifespan of your vehicle’s steering system and enjoy a smoother driving experience overall.
Power Steering Fluid Types
There are certain things to consider before you choose a steering fluid for your vehicle. The type of steering fluid mainly depends on the model or make of a vehicle. Some vehicles tend to use ADF for the steering system.
Most of the newer models use synthetic power steering fluids. The fluids are much better since it flows better under low temperatures, among other benefits.
Lots of other vehicles use universal power steering fluids. In some instances, manufacturers recommend specific power steering fluids containing particular additives.
It is, therefore, important to consult the owner’s manual for the best power steering fluid for your vehicle.
Let us discuss these types and what power steering fluids are made of:
#1. Mineral Power Steering Fluids.
Mineral fluids are made with refined petroleum fractions and additives, which improve the performance properties of the oil.
The main benefit of using this fluid on your steering system is that it has no aggressive impact on elements of rubber.
The fluid is also not expensive compared to the other types of power steering fluids. The fluid will, however, serve for a short period. It is also likely to form foam regularly.
#2. Semi-Synthetic Power Steering Fluid.
This fluid comprises both synthetic and mineral substances. They have a low degree of viscosity, good lubricity, and are resistant to foam formation.
On the downside, the semi-synthetic steering fluids have a destructive impact on rubber elements in the steering system.
#3. Synthetic Power Steering Fluid.
The synthetic fluid is an ideal steering fluid to use if the car manufacturers recommend it. They are made with a small number of refined petroleum fractions, polyesters, and polyhydric alcohols.
They also have special additives that reduce their destructive impact on power steering rubber parts. At low temperatures, synthetic power steering fluids flow smoothly.
The operations of the steering system are smooth, thus increasing its durable life. Most European car manufacturers recommend unique steering fluids for their vehicles.
Most of the fluids recommended here are high-performance and meet DN51 524T3 and ISO 7308 standards.
Synthetic power steering fluids have low viscosity, resistance to foam formation, low viscosity, can work under extreme temperatures, and have a long service life.
#4. Universal Fluids.
Universal power steering fluids are compatible with many of the power steering systems. You may wonder what power steering fluid universal and why it is preferred is.
These types of fluids have special additives that offer different benefits. Universal power steering fluids reduce stiffness and friction by improving the performance and responsiveness of the steering parts.
These power steering fluids also feature properties for preventing corrosion, sealing small leaks, and reducing wear and tear on the steering components.
However, you are advised to check the viscosity and chemical compatibility with the type been used in the steering system. The properties in the new fluid should match with the one earlier used in the system.
What Causes Power Steering Fluid to Change Color?
Opening up a fresh gallon of power steering fluid and comparing it to the fluid from a vehicle that’s been on the road for years will make it easy to see differences in smell, consistency, and color. But what exactly causes these changes?
Here are some common culprits:
#1. Metal Shavings.
Notice any gray or silver streaks in your power steering fluid? You’re most likely seeing metal shavings from a failing power steering pump.
Over time, power steering fluid can break down and fail to lubricate the parts of your steering system, causing them to grind against each other. As they do, they produce metal shavings that fall into the power steering fluid and contaminate it.
#2. Water.
Moisture and power steering fluid should never mix, but there might be times when water finds its way into your steering system and turns your power steering fluid into a foamy or milky color. Sometimes, it also results from air entering the system.
Foamy or milky power steering fluid is a lost cause. The trapped moisture or air will turn it slimy, compromising its ability to power your steering system.
If this happens to you, you’ll have to completely drain your steering system and start over with a fresh batch of power steering fluid.
#3. Coolant Leak.
Power steering fluid doesn’t usually turn yellow. If the fluid in your power steering reservoir has turned yellow, it’s likely someone accidentally poured coolant into the power steering system.
While this shouldn’t affect your power steering that much, you should probably worry about your engine instead. If the coolant doesn’t stop leaking, you might end up with an overheating engine.
#4. Fluid Degradation.
Black or brown power steering fluid means it’s well past its prime. Over time, your power steering fluid will break down and turn dirty from all the debris and dirt that manages to find its way into your steering system.
You don’t have to panic if your power steering fluid has turned black or brown, but it is a sign that you need to have it flushed as soon as possible.
Signs of Bad Power Steering Fluid
Wondering how you can tell if your power steering fluid is bad? Early detection of issues with power steering fluid is essential for maintaining the health of your vehicle’s steering system. Here are some signs to watch out for:
- Unusual Colors: If your power steering fluid appears dark black, dark brown, milky, or yellowish, it may indicate contamination or degradation, highlighting the need for immediate fluid replacement.
- Strange Odors: A burnt or unusual smell coming from your power steering fluid could be a sign of fluid breakdown, signaling the importance of fluid maintenance to prevent system damage.
- Difficulty Steering: Experiencing stiffness or difficulty in steering your vehicle could be a symptom of bad power steering fluid.Addressing this issue promptly is vital to prevent further damage and ensure top-notch steering performance.
Regularly checking and monitoring the color, smell, and performance of your power steering fluid can help you catch problems early on, potentially saving you from costly repairs down the line.
What Color is Power Steering Fluid?
Most of the time, the power steering fluid is going to be red, green, or pink, depending on the car model.
There are times when it could also be clear, but that’s rare. If you notice any other color, it may mean that the power steering fluid is contaminated, or there’s another problem to be addressed.
Here is a more detailed list of the power steering fluid colors:
#1. Red/Pink.
This is the color that your power steering fluid should be in most car models. Today’s power steering fluids are dyed red, with some leaning toward having a pink hue.
If you look under the car and see red liquid dripping from the vehicle, it could be the power steering fluid, but it could also be automatic transmission fluid, because both systems use the same type of fluid.
However, you will still want to look at the leak’s location. If it is coming from the front of the vehicle, near the engine, it’s probably power steering fluid.
#2. Green.
Older power steering fluid was always red or pink. However, in modern cars you can often find green power steering fluid. Green power steering fluid is mostly found in European car brands like Volkswagen or Audi.
This green power steering fluid is, in most cases, not similar to the red power steering fluid, and the two should not be mixed with each other.
The green fluid is often better suited for colder climates due to the lower viscosity. Only use power steering fluid with the right specifications for your car to prevent damages.
#3. Clear.
Before the power steering fluid is dyed red or pink, it starts out as clear. Before the manufacturing process is over, the fluid is actually just clear. There are a few manufacturers that prefer to keep it clear because the dyes can change how the fluid runs.
Yet, it’s very difficult to tell what’s leaking if the fluid is clear. It can easily be confused with the water that’s coming from the air conditioning system, although the power steering fluid has a slippery texture.
#4. Brown/Black.
Power steering fluid is not made to be black or brown. The only fluid that is naturally brown or amber is the engine oil. As the oil becomes contaminated, it turns black. The same can be said about power steering fluid if left unchecked.
While you might pour fresh red fluid into the car when you replace it, the fluid will eventually build up with debris and dirt. As this happens, the fluid turns brown or black.
If your power steering fluid is contaminated enough to change color, you need to have it changed.
The fluid should be flushed out and replaced with some that’s new. The dirty fluid isn’t going to work the same way as fresh fluid, and it could lead to the failure of the necessary components.
#5. Yellow.
If you notice a yellow hue to the power steering fluid, it doesn’t mean that it’s been contaminated with dirt. However, it shouldn’t ever be yellow, either.
Most likely, coolant got mixed in with the power steering fluid somehow. It doesn’t matter how it happened or what went wrong – all you need to know is that it should be flushed and replaced to ensure the safety of the system.
Be aware that some power steering fluid manufacturers make yellow power steering fluid, so there may not be anything wrong with the fluid, but it does need to be inspected further, just to be sure.
#6. Milky/Foamy.
Of all the colors that your power steering fluid can be, this one definitely means trouble. You don’t want to see anything milky or foamy when you check your power steering fluid.
This condition shows that air or moisture has gotten trapped in the liquid. Instead of it having its natural slippery feel, it’s going to be slimy.
You should take quick action if this is what you see. Air has gotten trapped in the closed system and you want to fix it as soon as possible.
If left unchecked, you could start to hear sounds coming from the steering, and it might not handle properly. The only way to resolve it is to drain the fluid and fill the system with fresh fluid.
How to Identify the Right Color for Your Power Steering Fluid
When it comes to maintaining your vehicles power steering system, understanding the color of your power steering fluid is crucial. The right color can indicate whether the fluid is in good condition or if it needs to be replaced.
Typically, new power steering fluid is a clear, light amber color, but this can vary depending on the manufacturer and type of fluid used.
Here are some common colors of power steering fluid and what they signify:
- Clear or Light Amber: This indicates that the fluid is new or in good condition.
- Dark Brown: This suggests that the fluid is old and may contain contaminants, requiring a replacement.
- Red: This color is usually found in automatic transmission fluids, which can sometimes be used in power steering systems.
- Milky or Cloudy: This indicates that moisture has contaminated the fluid, which can lead to serious steering issues.
To effectively identify the right color for your power steering fluid, its essential to regularly check the fluid level and color. Use the dipstick or reservoir cap to assess the fluids appearance.
If the fluid appears discolored or contaminated, it’s a good idea to flush the system and refill it with the appropriate fluid. Always consult your vehicles owners manual for specific recommendations regarding fluid types and colors, as this can vary by make and model.
Additionally, consider the age and condition of your power steering system. If your vehicle has been in service for several years or has high mileage, the fluid may degrade more quickly.
Regular maintenance checks can help catch any issues early and ensure that your power steering system operates smoothly.
How to Check Power Steering Fluid?
Follow the below-given step to check the power steering fluid level:
- Park the vehicle
- Locate the power steering fluid reservoir
- Remove the reservoir cap
- Check the fluid level
- Check the fluid color
- Add fluid
#1. Park the Vehicle.
Park your vehicle on a flat surface and turn off the engine. Make sure the vehicle is in “Neutral” or “Park” mode and set the parking brake.
#2. Locate the Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.
The location of the power steering reservoir varies according to the vehicle model and engine type. To locate the power steering reservoir quickly, check your vehicle manufacturer’s manual and follow its instruction.
The power steering fluid reservoir is a small tank that is usually located under the hood. It has a yellow or white color with a black cap. Maximum fluid reservoirs are marked to indicate the “MIN” and “MAX” levels of the fluid.
#3. Remove the Reservoir Cap.
After finding the location of the power steering reservoir, use a built-in dipstick to open the cap of the power steering reservoir. Wipe the dipstick clean with a paper or rag towel.
#4. Check the Fluid Level.
After opening the cap, check the level of the fluid. It should be above than “MIN” mark and equal to or less than the “MAX” mark. If the power steering fluid is lower than the “MIN” mark, then add more fluid.
Many reservoirs have “full cold” and “full hot” marks to indicate the temperature condition of the steering fluid.
If your fluid level is lower than engine requirements, then your vehicle engine will be overheated, and it will increase the temperature of the steering fluid. In such conditions, your reservoir fluid will be marked as “full hot.”
#5. Check the Fluid Color.
After the inspection of your fluid level and temperature, examine the power steering fluid color.
If the color of the fluid is pink, amber, or light, then you don’t need to worry. If this color has been converted into black or dark brown, change your fluid as soon as possible.
#6. Add Fluid.
If the reservoir fluid level is lower than the desired level, then open the reservoir cap and add fluid to the reservoir.
Tips for Maintaining Proper Power Steering Fluid Color and Quality
Maintaining the proper color and quality of your power steering fluid is crucial for ensuring the longevity and efficiency of your vehicles steering system.
Power steering fluid can vary in color, typically ranging from clear to a deep red or brown, depending on its condition.
Regularly checking the fluid can help you identify potential issues before they escalate. Here are some essential tips to keep your power steering fluid in optimal condition.
Regular Inspection
One of the most effective ways to maintain the quality of your power steering fluid is through regular inspection. Follow these steps for a thorough check:
- Check the Fluid Level: Ensure the fluid is at the recommended level indicated on the reservoir.
- Assess Color and Clarity: Fresh power steering fluid is typically a bright red. If it appears dark or murky, it may be time for a change.
- Look for Contaminants: Check for any debris or particles that could indicate a problem within the system.
Fluid Replacement
Are you able to replace the power steering fluid on your own? If you have some mechanical expertise and the right equipment, it’s not difficult to flush the fluid and replace it with new fluid.
However, you should always read the service manual before you get started and make sure you have the right formulation for your car.
You should put any steps you find in the service manual ahead of what we outline. For reference purposes, here are some general guidelines you might be able to follow.
- Gather your supplies first. Get the right fluid and make sure you have the tools to get the job done. You don’t want to stop in the middle of the job to go get more equipment.
- Find the power steering reservoir. It’s under the hood, usually on the driver’s side of the vehicle.
- Jack up the front end of the car so you can get underneath. Place the vehicle securely on jack stands.
- Remove the hose from the reservoir. Put a container under the system to drain the fluid. Allow all of it to run out.
- Turn the steering wheel from side to side until the fluid stops running out.
- Close the system so the new fluid won’t drain out.
- With a funnel, fill up the reservoir with fresh fluid.
- Lower the vehicle to the ground and double-check the fill level. You may need to top it back off slightly after you start the engine.
- Turn the steering wheel again fully to the right and left, and keep an eye on the power steering fluid level. Refill when necessary.
- Test drive the vehicle, paying close attention to how the steering feels.
If you run into any trouble during the process, reach out to a local mechanic for more support.
Addressing Leaks Promptly
Leaks in the power steering system can lead to a drop in fluid levels, which can compromise steering performance.
To prevent this issue, keep an eye out for signs of leaks, such as fluid spots under your vehicle or a whining noise when turning the steering wheel. If you notice any leaks, it’s crucial to address them promptly.
Regular maintenance and timely repairs will help maintain the integrity of your power steering fluid and ensure your steering system functions smoothly.
Cost to Replace Power Steering Fluid
The power steering fluid replacement cost averages between $95 and $140 when you take your vehicle to the shop. However, you can do it yourself for just the cost of the new fluid.
However, if you don’t change the power steering fluid, you could end up with a damaged pump. To replace the power steering pump, you might spend several hundred dollars.
FAQs.
Q: What is Power Steering Fluid Made Of?
Most people wonder, what is power steering fluid made of? Power steering fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid made with either mineral oil or silicone. The make of the fluids may differ from one manufacturer to the other.
Some power steering fluids are made with synthetic-based oil. In most cases, the manufacturers use silicone or petroleum as a base stock and add additives.
There are, however, special fluids made specifically for specific vehicles. Different steering fluid manufacturers use different additives, and that is where the difference in quality comes in.
Q: What Happens If Your Power Steering Fluid is Dirty?
When the steering fluid is dirty, the vehicle starts to make some sought of noise and increases the steering effort.
This reduces the effectiveness of the steering. The seals in the steering system also become hardtop turn left and right. This later leads to leakage and wear and tear. It damages the bearing system and clogs the steering pump hoses.
In the long run, using dirty power steering fluid will damage the components of the steering system, which leads to expensive repairs.
Dirty power steering fluid is brown or black. When you see power steering fluid black, it is a sign that you need to replace it immediately. Failing to take the required action immediately will lead to the above problems in the steering system.
Q: Why Is My Power Steering Fluid Brown?
If you see power steering fluid brown and foamy, it is dirty and old. For the steering fluid to work properly, it has to come into contact with the rack and pinion of the vehicle.
The rack and pinions are made of aluminum. The aluminum may sometimes shed, thus contaminating the power steering fluid.
This makes the power steering system turn brown. This is a sign that you need to replace it with a new power steering fluid. The fluid needs to be changed as soon as possible. When it stays for long, it could lead to damages that will later require expensive replacements.
Q: How Do You Know If You Need Power Steering Fluid?
There are two cases when you need power steering fluid. First, when the steering fluid is low and not enough and when the steering fluid is contaminated, dirty, and old.
When the power steering fluid is low, you hear a squealing or whining noise from the wheels as they turn. This tells you that the system needs some steering fluid.
When you check the power steering fluid and realize that it has changed to brown, black, or yellow, it is an indication that it needs to be replaced.
Q: Why is My Power Steering Fluid Pink?
The usual colors of power steering fluids are red, clear, and pink. Manufacturers of these fluids decide on their preferred dye to use on their steering fluid.
That is the reason why some steering fluid brands differ. Therefore, there is nothing unusual if your steering fluid is pink. The pink color will keep on changing with continued use.
Q: How Often Should Power Steering Fluid Be Changed?
There is actually no defined time on when you should change your power steering fluid. Some experts’ advice change every four years or after the vehicle runs for 50,000 miles. However, the power steering color will guide you on when to change it.
When the power steering fluid starts changing to brown, you should prepare to change it. If it is black, then you need to replace it immediately.
Q: Why is My Power Steering Fluid Milky?
Power steering fluid milky color means that it is dilation of water or air is held back in the fluid. When you notice the power steering fluid turns milky, you need to change it as soon as possible.
Keeping a power steering fluid of this color will damage the steering gearbox and steering pump. This type of problem mostly happens to heavy cars such as pickups. The solution is to flush the steering system.
Final Words
Just like any other fluid in the vehicle, power steering fluid is equally important. You should, therefore, keep checking your power steering fluid color regularly to keep your vehicle running smoothly. When should I change the power steering fluid?
It will depend on your vehicle model, type, and how often you use it. Experts advise car owners to change steering fluid after around 50,000 miles or every 4 to five years.
The time is not definite. Your power steering fluid color is, however, a good guide on when to change. The normal colors are red, pink, or clear. When the color turns brown or black, it is time to replace it with a new fluid.
The type of fluid to use depends on the model of your vehicle. If you are not sure of the type of steering fluid to use on your steering system, check the owner’s manual, or consult a mechanic. Be careful not to mix the steering fluid with transmission fluid.