Car owners and drivers always want to have a nice and smooth driving experience. You want to get from one point to the other without having any issues. Now what?
You have problems that make you wonder, ‘why is my steering wheel hard to turn?’ did you experience this on idle?
Or suddenly when driving down the hills? Have you tried to fix this on your own, and it proves abortive? Relax! We have outlined the common causes and how to fix them.
Your steering system is a significant component of your car’s control system. The steering system also gives you complete control over your vehicle direction. So, when you have a steering wheel hard to turn issues, you are in a dangerous situation.
If you’re overtaking on a single lane and try to navigate back after the overtake and you notice the steering wheel hard to turn and noise, it may lead to a motor accident.
Having complete control of the steering system gives you peace of mind and keeps you safe and secured. In this article, we’ll explain at length the reasons and how to fix hard steering.
understanding power steering system
Before we jump into the nitty-gritty details about what could be causing this problem, we need to understand the power steering system. The steering system establishes the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the vehicle’s wheels.
Each of the parts of this system need to work properly so that the driver can steer the vehicle without having any difficulties.
Even though the steering system that your car has depends on the model, you can experience issues with turning the wheel with absolutely any steering system.
It is good to note that this issue will typically occur at lower speeds, and it can therefore impact your ability to adequately respond to hazards promptly.
A majority of vehicles, especially modern vehicles are fitted with either EPS (electrical power steering), or MDPS (motor-driven power steering) systems which are equipped with an electrical motor that assists the driver in steering the vehicle.
These systems are equipped with sensors that will detect the steering columns torque and position, while a computer module will add assistive torque through a motor that is connected to either the steering column or the steering gear.
Aside from the electrical connection, vehicles that have EPS systems will also have a mechanical connection between the steering gear and steering wheel which will serve as a back-up resort if in the case that one of the systems components malfunctions. A bit like a safety net.
If the EPS system should fail then steering the vehicle, or turning the wheel will become much harder. This is a dead set sign that one of the components in your steering system is faulty and is either not doing its job properly, or is not doing its job at all.
Why Steering Wheel Stiffness Is a Big Deal?
In an ideal world, your car’s steering should respond easily to the slightest touch. Everything is smooth when things are working as they ought to be.
You can maneuver yourself smoothly and quickly go around turns or make just that precise adjustment while going around curves.
However, things aren’t always so smooth and easy when the turning of the steering wheel becomes difficult-it not only means a good workout for your arms, but some serious trouble might be in store for your car’s safety and performance.
Ignoring the problems in the steering is not at all a comfort issue, but an issue of control. A stiff steering that doesn’t turn quickly enough can be opposite to quick reactions and even worse might make it next to impossible to maneuver suddenly. In short, it’s not something to brush off!
causes of steering wheel hard to turn
It is essential to know the reasons why turning the steering wheel is too hard and how to diagnose it. We’ve listed seven possible reasons below:
#1. Low or steering fluid leaks.
low or fluid leaks can cause the power steering to be intermittently stiff. This problem occurs when you have a leak from the power steering high-pressure hose, loose clamps, or leaks from the power steering pump itself due to cracks.
The fluid will leak through that crack or hose, reducing the pressure at which the fluid travels – while drying out the pump.
This will cause noise when turning the steering wheel, usually a groaning or whining noise, resulting in a lousy pump or uneven steering rack failure.
#2. Defective steering Rack or steering gearbox.
The steering rack and steering gearbox are essential steering components that control the direction of the wheels.
However, both are not found in one vehicle. It’s either you have a steering rack and pinion or you have a steering gearbox.
The steering rack and pinion are used on passenger cars, while the gearbox steering is found on big trucks, SUVs, and older cars.
Both steering systems will eventually fail by just driving your car over time. The evidence to this is, the steering wheel will be stiff or thick upon startup.
As the vehicle runs and warm-up, the steering rack will get hot, and the stiffness will reduce a bit. Therefore, turning your wheels becomes a bit easier, but you still need to replace the rack before it turns into a bigger problem.
#3. Worn-out or broken drive-belt.
The most common reason you might notice the steering wheel hard to turn steering fluid full is when you have a worn-out or broken drive-belt.
The drive belt starts working the moment you turn on your engine, so, on a long haul, it will wear out and damage so quickly.
When the drive belt gets pretty old, it will become loose and cause stiff steering. If you ignore to replace it when it starts failing, it’ll finally break and affect other belt-driven components in your car.
It’s best to replace the drive belt when you notice cracks to prevent more significant problems.
#4. Tire pressure.
You might be wondering, ‘Can tire pressure cause hard steering?’ Oh yes, it can. You may see this as a surprise, but lack of air in your tires can cause stiff steering and hard to turn. Specifically, a deflated tire can cause stiff steering.
This is another reason you should make sure your vehicle tires are inflated at all times. Make sure you keep your tires at the recommended PSI.
#5. Bad front-end alignment and other faulty front suspension components.
Faulty front-end suspension components like bad ball joints, lousy tie rods, or damaged wheel bearings can damage and hook the front wheels from turning.
Also, uneven or unbalanced front tires can pull your vehicle to one side and result in stiff steering.
Bad front-end alignment and faulty front-end suspension components can cause stiff steering. It is primarily noticeable when making a turn or when you decide to take a corner.
#6. Contaminated or thick steering fluid.
A power steering pump is a hydraulic system that uses light fluid. Suppose the fluid gets contaminated or becomes thick after some time.
Suppose you fail to replace the fluid when grits and grime gets inside or at the manufacturer’s recommended intervals. In that case, the steering fluid will eventually become too thick to work properly on the steering system.
With the thick fluid in the steering pump reservoir, you will notice the steering wheel hard to turn when cold or at other low-speed maneuvers. Inspect the steering fluid color. If it has turned to gray, you have to flush and refill it.
#7. Failing or lousy power steering pump.
The power steering pump, which is usually a variable-assist power steering, makes the work of the steering system efficient and a lot easier. If the steering pump fails, it won’t be easy to turn your wheel on Park or other low-speed maneuvers.
In such situations, the defective pump won’t stop the wheels from turning completely, but it will require a lot of steering effort, and the vehicle will be a lot heavier.
Symptoms Of Steering Wheel Hard To Turn
#1. Whining or Groaning Noises When Turning.
If you hear a whining or groaning sound every time you turn the wheel, this is a classic sign of a power steering problem.
It often means the power steering fluid is low, or there’s an issue with the pump. Ignoring these noises can lead to more significant problems that might require costly repairs, like pump failure.
#2. Fluid Puddles Under Your Car.
Have you noticed a puddle of reddish-brown or light-colored fluid under your car? This could be leaking power steering fluid.
A fluid leak reduces your steering system’s ability to function properly, making the wheel harder to turn and increasing wear on other components. If left unresolved, the entire power steering system could fail.
#3. Steering Wheel Stiffens at Low Speeds.
If your steering feels stiff when you’re driving at low speeds — such as when parking or navigating tight turns — this is a sign of a power steering system problem.
The system is designed to help you steer with minimal effort, and stiffness can indicate an underlying issue like a worn-out pump or low fluid levels.
#4. Squealing or Grinding Noise When Starting the Car.
A squealing sound when you start your vehicle could indicate a loose or worn power steering belt. This may not impact your driving immediately, but if the belt snaps, you’ll lose power steering altogether, making it much harder to control your vehicle.
#5. Vibrating Steering Wheel.
A steering wheel that vibrates while driving or turning, especially at slower speeds, could signal a problem with the power steering system. Vibration is often caused by issues with the steering rack or pump, which can worsen over time if not addressed.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis Of Steering Wheel Problems
Addressing a hard-to-turn steering wheel as soon as the issue emerges is crucial for a number of reasons. First and foremost, early diagnosis can be a lifesaver—literally.
A faulty steering system can lead to reduced control over your vehicle, increasing the likelihood of accidents.
Secondly, early detection often makes the repair process simpler and less costly. Waiting too long could allow the problem to worsen, leading to more complex issues that require expensive parts or even complete system replacements.
By understanding what makes a steering wheel hard to turn and how to fix it, you are investing in your safety and the longevity of your car. Let’s dive into the common causes, symptoms, and solutions for a stiff steering wheel.
How to Diagnose a Hard to Turn Steering Wheel?
Before we talk about fixing anything, let’s talk about diagnosing the issue. Here’s how I usually go about it:
Step 1: Check the Power Steering Fluid.
Pop the hood and locate the power steering fluid reservoir. Check the fluid level using the dipstick inside the cap. If it’s low, that’s your first clue.
Also, look at the fluid color. It should be clear or slightly reddish. If it’s dark or has debris, it’s time for a flush.
Step 2: Look for Leaks.
Inspect the hoses connected to the power steering pump and rack. Look underneath the car for any fresh fluid spots.
Step 3: Inspect the Serpentine Belt.
Check for cracks, fraying, or looseness. If the belt feels slack or looks damaged, it may not be spinning the pump efficiently.
Step 4: Test the Steering Pump.
With the engine running, turn the wheel left and right. Listen for any whining, groaning, or resistance. If it’s louder than usual, the pump might be the issue.
Step 5: Check Tire Pressure and Wheel Alignment.
Use a pressure gauge to check all four tires. Also, if your car pulls to one side or your steering wheel is off-center, you might need a wheel alignment.
How do you fix a steering wheel that is hard to turn?
We’ve looked at the reasons behind stiff steering. Now, let’s discuss how you can fix a stiff steering wheel. Since there are several reasons behind the hard steering wheel, we’ll look at several ways to fix it:
#1. Check and gauge tire air pressure.
If you find it difficult to turn your wheels when parked or at other low-speed maneuvers, chances are you have a deflated tire.
Check your tire air pressure. You have to ensure that your tire pressure is up to the recommended PSI for your vehicle and tire size. You don’t need deflated tires that will cause hard steering wheels.
#2. Check power steering fluid.
Check your power steering fluid. Check for dirt and grime. If you find grime and dirt in the reservoir, get a power steering flush and replenish the fluid. Steering flush should cost between $50-$120, and it’s a quick service that you can do yourself.
#3. Check the power steering Rack and pump.
In addition to the power steering flush, you need to inspect the power steering pump and rack. Check for leaks and cracks which could cause stiff steering.
You need to specifically inspect the high-pressure hose that connects the steering pump and rack. Replace any cracked hose or component.
#4. Inspect front-end suspension components.
Another reason for stiff steering could be faulty front-end suspension parts. A lousy ball joint or damaged wheel bearing and tie rod can damage and affect your vehicle handling.
You need to inspect this component when you experience a stiff steering wheel. Noise from the front-end wheels will accompany the stiff steering as evidence.
#5. Ensure your drive belt works properly.
Inspect the belt that connects the steering pump to the engine pulley. Look for worn-out edges and cracks. Inspect whether the belt is too tight or too loose because that could be the culprit. You can turn on the engine and inspect the rotation of the belt.
If the belt wiggles while the engine is running, you need to check the belt alignment and idler pulleys or visit your mechanic for a thorough inspection and fix.
What Happens If You Ignore the Problem?
With most cars, though you can continue driving, so car repairs come pretty tempting. You’ll actually exacerbate things, though, by ignoring this problem: if hydraulic pressure is lost in power steering systems, it is expensive to repair.
Worse, you could end up a victim of a dangerous situation wherein you cannot swiftly turn the steering wheel in an emergency.
When to Consult a Professional Mechanic
Knowing when to seek professional help for a steering wheel that’s hard to turn is crucial for both your safety and your vehicle’s well-being.
While some minor issues may be manageable on your own, a persistent problem, strange noises, or multiple systems showing signs of failure are red flags that you should consult a mechanic.
A qualified mechanic will perform a comprehensive inspection of your steering system and may use advanced diagnostic tests to identify the root cause.
They’ll also provide a detailed cost estimate, allowing you to make an informed decision about proceeding with the repairs.
Opting for professional assistance not only ensures an accurate diagnosis and high-quality repairs but also saves time and provides peace of mind.
In summary, if you encounter persistent or complicated issues making your steering wheel hard to turn, it’s advisable to consult a professional mechanic. This approach can save you from future headaches and costly repairs, ensuring your safety on the road.
How to Prevent Stiff Steering Wheels
A stiff steering wheel is a hassle to deal with. Fortunately, there are ways to prevent it, including checking the tire pressure regularly and ensuring proper wheel alignment. Driving carefully and proper maintenance helps.
#1. Check Tire Pressure.
As mentioned previously, low tire pressure can leads to stiff steering. To prevent this from happening, check the tire pressure regularly and ensure that it’s within acceptable parameters.
Most small vehicles ideally have a tire pressure of 30 psi. Medium-sized vehicles must have 36 psi, while large vehicles should have a tire pressure of 42 psi.
#2. Ensure Proper Wheel Alignment.
Because misaligned wheels can make vehicles more difficult to steer, it’s important to inspect them every once in a while.
Too much positive caster can make the steering more difficult, but too much negative caster can cause issues with steering stability and return-to-center after turns. Keeping the wheels aligned also helps ensure that the steering system works as intended.
Too much positive caster can make the steering more difficult, but too much negative caster can cause issues with steering stability and return-to-center after turns.
#3. Drive Carefully.
Every responsible driver knows this, but tire damage can affect your ability to steer and control your ride, so be careful on the road to avoid getting into accidents.
#4. Commit to Regular Maintenance.
It’s a good practice to bring your vehicle to an auto shop for maintenance at least once a year. This way, you can have a mechanic inspect your vehicle and confirm that everything is fully functional.
Regular maintenance prevents stiff steering because experts can fix broken or malfunctioning components before they become serious problems.
How much does it cost to fix power steering?
The cost of fixing a failed power steering depends on several factors, including your vehicle’s make and model, damaged components, and the garage you take your car to. On average, you will spend between $250 to $350 to fix power steering issues.
A Quick Table to Help You Identify the Problem
| Symptom | Possible Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Wheel stiff at low speeds | Low power steering fluid | Refill or flush fluid |
| Whining noise when turning | Failing pump or low fluid | Check fluid, inspect pump |
| Hard wheel after cold start | Worn steering rack | Replace steering rack |
| Wheel pulls to one side | Misalignment or tire pressure | Inflate tires, align wheels |
| Squealing noise when turning | Worn serpentine belt | Replace belt |
FAQs.
Q: Why does my power steering feel heavy?
A few factors can cause heavy steering, such as lack of steering fluid, tire pressure, broken serpentine belt, faulty power steering pump, and front-end alignment.
Q: Can you drive a car if the power steering goes out?
Sure, you can. However, you should bear in mind that driving a car without functional power steering requires more effort to steer the wheels, and you might be endangering your life since you cannot turn the wheel with ease.
Q: Is it okay to drive with a bad power steering pump?
It’s not okay. While you can drive with a bad power steering pump, remember that lack of steering fluid will also damage the steering rack, leaving you with a huge replacement cost.
Driving with a bad power steering pump can affect your vehicle handling – making it prone to accidents.
Final word
At this juncture, we’ve cleared your head from wondering, ‘why is my steering wheel hard to turn?’.
Even the slightest difficulty in turning the steering wheel should be a significant concern since it indicates a lousy steering component. Ignoring the hard steering wheel can be dangerous since one faulty steering component can affect another.
Diagnosing the cause of stiff steering wheel isn’t difficult since there are just a few of them. The most common part is leaking or low steering fluid.
However, a lousy steering rack, broken serpentine belt, failing steering pump, and worn-out ball joints can also be the culprit.